Except in the state of Gujarat, there is no other state in India where any legislation exists prohibiting cow slaughter. In fact, there are slaughter houses (abbatoirs) run by the municipalities in different cities, where cows are slaughtered alongwith other animals. The Idgah slaughter house in Delhi or the one located at Tangra in Kolkata are prominent examples. Thus your statement is far from correct.
On the occasion of Id-uz-Zoha, Muslims across India sacrifice different animals, including cows. Such cow slaughter takes place in the houses of Muslims, in mosques or in a public place (e.g. a field or even a street).
It is a fact that cows are worshipped by Hindus as Go Mata (Mother Cow). A problem exists as to what needs to be done with cows, who no longer give milk. Although many pious Hindus arrange to house such cows in Goshalas (cow sheds) till the animals die a natural death, the number of such sheds in existence is hardly adequate to accomodate a large number of cows who are beyond the stage of giving milk. Thus, in a way, consumption of the flesh of these animals is a productive and practical solution to the problem.
But at the same time it must be remembered that Muslims should be careful in the way they go about slaughtering the cows, so as not to hurt Hindu sentiments. That is in the larger interest of harmonious co-existence between these communities.
Liberty should not be construed as an excuse to offend others. Freedom of speech excludes villification or slander. The freedom to consume beef, does not automatically guarantee one the right to slaughter cows in public view and offend the religious sentiments of the Hindus. As already stated earlier, there is no legislation prohibiting slaughter of cows within the confines of one's own home.
A person attains true freedom when he realises the value of humanity and human relationships. Hurting others' feelings can not support the true enlightenment in a person. Thus he is mentally chained when he harbours such feelings.
Animal slaughter in public view is proscribed by civil society. In many countries (e.g. the US), legislation prohibits such slaughter outside slaughter houses. The reason is that such gory sights might create adverse reactions on impressionable minds.
While one has every right to use one's property in any manner he likes within the law, such right is not open to abuse. One can use a house to live in, not to set fire to it. An aircraft is for travelling long distances within a short time and not for crashing into buildings.
Finally, the two countries whose names crop up in your question (Pakistan and Bangladesh), treat their Hindu minorities as third class citizens denying them the basic right to follow and practise their religion freely. Such intolerance is not faced by Indian Muslims at large. The Indian Constitution and government guarantee equal rights to Muslims and Hindus. Making an issue out of cow slaughter goes against the spirit of communal fraternity. And if it indeed robs certain freedoms, it would be better to concede that sacrificing certain freedom is in the best overall interests of leading a decent civilised life.