"Like, what rights does 'Freedom of Speech' grant?"
That's rather vague, but that's not to say you penned it that way by design for discussion's sake... so:
Freedom of Speech can mean any of 101 different things.
The obvious is one is free to say anything one so desires. Period.
This is the literal translation.
"Freedom of Speech" legally has as many definitions are there are Nations and in turn jurisdictions in this world; what I am legally allowed to say here in Canada differs from what I'm legally allowed to say in the USA nd in turn what I'm legally allowed to say in North America would get me put up against a wall and shot elsewhere - keeping in mind we're only talking 'legal defination' here.
Neither in Canada or the USA, both big on personal freedoms is that Freedom of Speech absolute - it never has been albeit many seem to this it literally means they can say anything they so desire.
Say the word 'bomb' at an airport and let me know how that works out for you.
Slander or libel someone, same result.
Tell someone to their face they are a *insert cuss words here*... you'll get punched in the face.
There most definitely is Freedom of Speech literally - while at the same time the use of that freedom is what makes it a right or wrong. Jack Daniels whiskey is legit, being of age possession of is legit, etc... it's what you do with the freedom that determines correct usage from incorrect usage; same logic applies to thought and expression.
"Like, what rights does 'Freedom of Speech' grant?"
I'm going to take a random shot in the dark and figure you from the USA, haha here's hoping anyways, most are. Here are some examples of your rights [and wrongs]:
Freedom of speech includes the right:
Not to speak (specifically, the right not to salute the flag).
West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943).
Of students to wear black armbands to school to protest a war (“Students do not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.”).
Tinker v. Des Moines, 393 U.S. 503 (1969).
To use certain offensive words and phrases to convey political messages.
Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 15 (1971).
To contribute money (under certain circumstances) to political campaigns.
Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976).
To advertise commercial products and professional services (with some restrictions).
Virginia Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Consumer Council, 425 U.S. 748 (1976); Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, 433 U.S. 350 (1977).
To engage in symbolic speech, (e.g., burning the flag in protest).
Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989); United States v. Eichman, 496 U.S. 310 (1990).
Freedom of speech does not include the right:
To incite actions that would harm others (e.g., “[S]hout[ing] ‘fire’ in a crowded theater.”).
Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 (1919).
To make or distribute obscene materials.
Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476 (1957).
To burn draft cards as an anti-war protest.
United States v. O’Brien, 391 U.S. 367 (1968).
To permit students to print articles in a school newspaper over the objections of the school administration.
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier, 484 U.S. 260 (1988).
Of students to make an obscene speech at a school-sponsored event.
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser, 478 U.S. 675 (1986).
Of students to advocate illegal drug use at a school-sponsored event.
Morse v. Frederick, __ U.S. __ (2007).
http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/get-involved/constitution-activities/first-amendment/free-speech.aspx
Interesting isn't it, eg "To make or distribute obscene materials"
Well, what exactly... does that mean? What is, 'obscene'?
*goes to research that law by definition...*
See what I mean, this could be one VERY long Answer haha. :)